据油价网2月18日消息称，美国能源信息署(EIA)周五表示，继2020年成为石油净出口国的历史性转变后，较高的原油净进口量将使美国今年再次成为石油净进口国，就像 2021 年一样。

石油净进口国是指进口原油和成品油多于出口原油和成品油的国家。

虽然美国十多年来一直是石油产品净出口国，但它一直是原油净进口国，也就是说，它进口的原油多于出口的原油。

2020年，美国成为石油净出口国，原油和石油产品贸易总量标志着历史性的转变。EIA在 2019 年 9 月表示，按月计算，美国的原油和石油产品出口量超过了进口量——这是自1973年开始月度记录以来，美国首次成为石油净出口国。

EIA今天表示，2020年，全球石油需求的暴跌和低油价取消了石油出口国提高产量的激励措施，这使得美国2020年的石油出口比过去更多。

政府补充说，同样在 2020 年，美国原油进出口之差降至至少 1985 年以来的最低点。随着 2021 年消费量的增加，原油净进口量增加了 19%，达到平均每天 320 万桶 (bpd)。

美国今年的原油进口量将继续高于出口量，预计年均净进口量为 390 万桶/日。美国政府表示，如果 EIA 预测 2023 年美国原油产量达到创纪录的 1260 万桶/日，那么明年美国原油净进口量将降至 340 万桶/日。

朱佳妮 摘译自 油价网

原文如下：

The U.S. Will Be A Net Oil importer In 2022

Higher net crude oil imports are set to make the United States a net petroleum importer this year again, as in 2021, after a historic shift of being a net petroleum exporter in 2020, the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) said on Friday.

A net petroleum importer is a country that imports more crude oil and refined products than the crude and products it exports.

While the U.S. has been a net petroleum products exporter for more than a decade, it has always been a net crude oil importer, that is, it imports more crude than it exports.  

The total crude and petroleum products trade marked a historic shift in 2020 when the U.S. became a net petroleum exporter. On a monthly basis, it was in September 2019 when the United States exported more crude oil and petroleum products than it imported—the first month in which America was a net petroleum exporter since monthly records began in 1973, the EIA said at the end of 2019.

In 2020, the plunge in global oil demand and the low oil prices that removed incentives for petroleum-exporting countries to raise production allowed the United States to export more petroleum in 2020 than it had in the past, the EIA said today.

Also in 2020, the difference between U.S. crude oil imports and exports fell to its lowest point since at least 1985, the administration added. With rising consumption in 2021, net crude oil imports increased by 19 percent to an average of 3.2 million barrels per day (bpd).

The U.S. will continue to import more crude than it exports this year, with net imports expected at an annual average of 3.9 million bpd. If EIA forecasts of a record-high annual U.S. crude oil production of 12.6 million bpd in 2023 pan out, the U.S. net crude imports would drop to 3.4 million bpd next year, the administration said.